| Challenge the Philosophy - Summary of Entries (1-134) |
Definitions of the principal terms used in the competition:
"We cannot know": our ability to refute or prove a proposition, within the limits of what we know,
by more reasonably contradicting our use of reason than not doing so. For further explanation, and explanation of "know", see "we cannot know" and "know".
Mark Evanshen identitifies the solution of uniting being with knowing.
Mark Evanshen suggests a connection between knowing and being.
Scott Hudson applies the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle to the proposition.
An anonymous entry uses a time-line argument to suggest that we cannot know who we are, but then argues that the we could use, with much difficulty, "basic attributes" of who we are.
James E. Petts argues the uncertainty of knowledge and our identity.
An anonymous entry equates the proposition with nature. (i.e. an expression of nature.)
Elric Kline argues that we are self-observing entities, thereby can observe and know who we are.
John Hubbard alludes to fabricated identities as a way around the proposition.
Jeffrey Brown argues knowledge of individual actions allow us to know who we are.
Jeffrey Brown argues that an individual who practices meditation could know who they are by being aware of their change as it unfolds.
Kent Van Cleave suggests that we can know our essential nature.
Corr argues that since who we are is unknown, the proposition cannot be overcome, because there is nothing to overcome.
Jason Spratley argues that outside of reason, an indivdual can know who he or she is.
Jason Spratley implies that Buddhism is a way to know who we are.
Well1 argues that there is an inner knowing which allows us to know who we are.
Christoffer suggests that the we know who we are without knowing that we do through the primary state of knowledge.
Mark Evanshen argues that "true" being lies in realizing the limitation of knowledge.
Mark Evanshen argues that we can know who we are without knowing we do through meditation.
Dustin Daugherty argues that tradition and culture are an expression of who we are.
Dustin Daugherty suggests that knowledge as form may be intrinsically the same as who we are.
Edwin C. Turner contends that an individual can know he or she is by realizing the unlimitedness of what they know.
Edwin Carroll Turner argues that the phrase "we cannot know" contradicts the proposition because in order to know we cannot know who we are, we need to know who we are.
Paul M. Lantos argues that the proposition is invalid because of his perceived difference between who we are and what we are.
Curtis Wilbur argues that the application of scientific method is a means to overcome the proposition, and that there may be mirror neural sites which allow individuals see copies of themselves.
Robert Burnier argues using a time-line and movement sequence that being is inherent in knowing.
Paul Trejo argues using Hegel that being and knowing are united in a continuous organic flow.
Rob Sica contends that we cannot know with absolute certainty, and therefore we cannot attain an "ultimate account of who we are", and that we cannot help from being who we are.
Rob Sica argues that there is an essential connection between being and knowing, and that there are sufficient Kantian grounds to doubt that we can know who we are.
Gerry May suggests that the proposition’s division of being and knowing parallels Nietzsche’s critique of reason, and that perhaps Nietzsche’s "free spirit", instinctual knowing, is a way to overcome the proposition.
Andreas Mogensen attempts to refute the proposition by establishing that we cannot help from being who we are, and that if we know who we are, we can know and be who we are simultaneously, but then he reverts to the position that the proposition is a "confusion of language".
Rob Sica contends that all thought faces skepticism ("doubting objectivity"), and therefore the proposition is not profound.
CG Von Kram argues that the proposition is invalid because the proposition is contingent on its own negation for it to be true.
Rob Sica contends that it is "inconceivable" how to fully know who we are.
Edwin C. Turner suggests that an individual can know who he or she is through observation of his or her existence.
Zack Condry argues that being who we are and knowing who we are are mutually dependent, and therefore they are "one and the same".
Rob Sica contends with reference to Lichtenberg that knowledge is leading to the most objective or "best", so that eventually the proposition will be dissolved rather than refuted.
Santiago Zorzopulos argues that by showing conscious experience of oneself, and equating inner experience with who we are, the proposition can be overcome.
Rich Tysinger argues that though we can be aware of who we are, we cannot know who we are, because what we know are labels with definitions.
Edwin C. Turner contends that sensory input is separate from knowledge and contains who we are, so that at the subconscious level, we can know who we are.
Aashish Payal argues that we cannot know who we are and be who we are represent a fraction, in which as the numerator grows, humanity as a civilization grows.
Louis José Mercier argues that our sensory experience coupled with our reason allows us to know who we are.
Stein Leikanger suggests that non-being, including thoughts, is an essential component of our existence.
Héctor Tedín argues that thought is a vehicle to get outside of ourselves, while at the same time to know ourselves.
Gary Parrish suggests that the proposition, through the use of "we", is insufficient in explaining an aspect of us ourselves.
Héctor Tedín argues that we can know who we are, because the basis of thought is made up of "thinking substance" or who we are.
Roger McEvilly argues that through evolution and our ability to control our existence from our minds, we can know who we are.
Bjørn H.B. Clasen argues that through thinking about ourselves, we can know who we are.
In reply to the response to Entry 46, Roger McEvilly suggests that knowledge of who we are may be part of an irreducible infinite loop centered around who we are, so that the form of knowledge, rather than the meaning of knowledge, is who we are.
Alexander Wuijts argues that being is inherent in knowing.
Roger McEvilly argues that if consciousness is an expression of quantum reality, then the proposition can be overcome.
John B. Larson argues that the proposition can be overcome by both an individual looking into a pool of water and seeing him or herself, and the necessity of an individual to know him or herself in order to survive in the physical world.
Viktor Simkovic agrees that the proposition cannot be overcome within the bounds of reason, but suggests that it could possibly be overcome outside of reason in the realms, for example, of Taoism, Zen, Castaneda, Qabbala, and Yoga.
In reply to the response to Entry 52, Viktor Simkovic argues that we can have conscious awareness of a perception without conceptualizing it, thereby know who we are without the use of reason.
Julieta Petroni argues that we do not need to know who we are in order to be who we are.
Roger Whitson suggests that we can only know part of ourselves through our analytical knowledge, and that we need to be who we are in order to fully know who we are.
With reference to Godel's Theorem and Peano's axioms, Yuri Kuzyk contends that reason cannot contain a closed, absolute set, and therefore the proposition cannot be overcome.
Roger Whitson suggests that there are other forms of knowing, other than reason, which may allow us to know who we are, and that it is necessary for us to have limited knowlege of ourselves to exist in the world.
With reference to Santa Teresa de Jesus, Camus, Goedel´s theorem, and Paulo Coello,
Jose Maria Hernandez Roca argues that human thoughts are "NOTHINGNESS", so that there is no way we can know who we are.
Jefferson Bronfeld argues that the proposition "executes" itself because if the proposition is true, it is then false because there should be no way of knowing it is true, and that since the proposition is unverifiable, it is meaningless.
In reply to the response to Entry 59, Jefferson Bronfeld contends that if knowledge is relational and limited, then it is not absolute, and therefore it is possible that [some] knowledge is absolute.
In reply to the response to Entry 57, Roger Whitson argues that we do not create knowledge, rather we exist in relation to it and the world, and that through the process of "becoming" who we are, we can have limited or incomplete knowledge "OF" ourselves.
Gary Parrish argues that humanity should place value on the human energy, that goes forward regardless of our intentions, exerted towards "conquoring our mental limitations".
Roger McEvilly argues that though the proposition cannot be overcome because it is "fundamentally assumed", we can know ourselves in part.
Edward G. Nilges critiques thirteen of the premises and conclusions from the Challenge Proof .
Roger Whitson argues that the division between being and knowing is not as sharp and simple as the ‘intrinsic separation’ argument suggests, and he goes on to question whether such a line of separation between being and knowing exists.
Edward G. Nilges contends that within the limits of what we know, there are "phenomenological truths" in relation to the external world.
Roger McEvilly argues that because human 'being' and human knowledge are both in a state of flux, and human 'being' and human knowledge define each other through a "feedback mechanism", it follows that being and knowledge are partly intrinsically connected.
Roger McEvilly argues that there is no fundamental level of being, and that instead, there is a "collection of interacting chemicals", so that human beings exist only as biological entities.
G.E. Nordell distinguishes between false mind and working mind, and contends that we can know we are "Being" through "hyper-awareness".
With reference to Spinoza, Emmanuel T. Rakitzis argues that we are what we are, whether we know what we are or not.
With reference to Popper, Kant, Decartes, Schrodinger, and Euler, Epsilon Pi proposes a "superconscious domain", which is not limited by Descartes-Kant reductionistic drawback, through a synergy of different factors.
In reply to the response to Entry 71, Epsilon Pi argues that through the principle of synergy, or the integration of the parts of the reality into an integral whole, the inexpressible can be made expressible.
In reply to the response to Entry 72, Epsilon Pi argues that it is possible to know the whole integral reality from one qualitative point of view, rather than a quantitative view or a combination of perspectives.
Ade Artis argues that because knowledge is relational, knowing who we are is just a matter of understanding all the relations which comprise who we are.
Ron St. John argues that if we cannot know who we are, then we cannot know our conscious perceptions are accurate, and that experience of oneself, whether the experience of pain or happiness, is as plausible as not being able to experience oneself.
In reply to the response to Entry 75, Ron St. John argues that the proposition is irrefutable because of its "specialized" definitions of know and who we are, and that with ordinary definitions of know and who we are, the proposition may be refutable.
Dr. T.H. Wilson argues that according to the definition of "limited know", the proposition if valid leads to the paradox that since we cannot know who we are, it does not follow how we can know that we cannot know who we are.
In reply to the response to Entry 77, Dr. T.H. Wilson argues that because the proposition purports that knowledge is limited, it does not follow how the proposition can refute all other perspectives.
Wayne Leggette contends that we can know who we are, because knowing creates our psychological existence.
R. E. Puhek argues that we can know who we are through a "transcendent perspective" which focuses on our own "living process".
With reference to Vedic text, Buckminster Fuller, T.S. Eliot, Descartes, and
Moses, G-man argues that because knowledge is derived from past knowledge, we cannot completely know who we are.
Tom Anderson argues that the proposition can be refuted on grounds that who we are as ‘non-relational knowledge’ is an "empty concept", and that we can know who we are as relational knowledge.
Aaron Z. Zimmerman argues that by an individual knowing all his or her "psychological properties", which is "not conceptually impossible", the individual can know who he or she is.
Kevin Ward argues that we can know who we are in a moment of total selflessness or wholeness when the creator enters our being.
In reply to the response Entry 83, Thomas R. Anderson critiques the response, and concludes that to be who we are is to know who we are, ("the nature of our being is the relationship between thought and mind"), because there are no necessary grounds to think otherwise.
Raoul Starren argues that because who we are as defined lies outside of our comprehension, we have no way of saying anything about it, not even that we can never know it, and therefore, the proposition is invalid.
In reply to the response to Entry 84, Kevin Ward argues that through a relationship with the creator, or an experience of "being made whole", an individual can know who he or she is.
Rick C argues that in relation to ordinary understanding, he knows who he is (i.e. "I am not a cat, a fish or the square root of 5"), and that because he cannot help from "always" being who he is, and knowing who he is inherent to being who he is, he can know who he is.
Marc Reside contends that who we are is the accumulation of our knowledge, and therefore the proposition as defined is invalid.
In reply to the response to Entry 90, Marc Reside argues that our fundamental level of being is "energy", and that we are defined by our knowledge, so that all we can know completely is who we are.
In reply to the response to Entry 88, ‘Signed-----not a cat, not a fish, not the square root of 5’ argues that because he cannot help from being who he is, and he knows at a basic level of understanding that he is not a cat, a fish, or the square root of 5 that he must have knowledge of who he is.
In reply to the response to Entry 91, Rick C contends that from an ordinary level of understanding he knows that he is not a fish, and by doing so, he has knowledge of who he is.
Marc Reside challenges the proposition, through a series of premises, with the view that who we are is an accumulation of knowledge.
In reply to the response to Entry 92, Rick C defends his ordinary use of "knowledge", and he claims that he knows he is not a fish or cat without referring to what he is.
Signed-An entity in flux argues that everything is in a state of flux, and that when the being and knowledge interact, in a state of chaos and thereby oneness, the proposition is overcome.
In reply to the response to Entry 87, Kevin Ward defends the notion of "experiencing wholeness", or oneness with the creator, by claiming that an individual believes the experience, or has faith in it, through the rewards that manifest from applying the experience to his or her life.
Scott Sanders argues that because our thoughts are in flux, who we are is in flux as well, and therefore we cannot know who we are.
In reply to the response to Entry 86, Raoul Starren argues that knowledge faces the same inexpressibility as being, so that knowledge of the irrefutability of the proposition translates into the refutability of the proposition because we cannot know the proposition is irrefutable and the proposition be irrefutable at the same time.
In reply to the response to Entry 90, Marc Reside questions the notion of ‘basis’ and human beings as creators of knowledge.
In reply to the response to Entry 96, Kevin Ward defends the experience of wholeness, or relationship with the creator, by referring to the oneness of wholeness and the unfathomable ability of an individual experiencing wholeness.
In reply to the response to Entry 99, Marc Reside argues that knowledge is inextricable from existence.
In reply to the response to Entry 101, Marc Reside distinguishes between human created knowledge and knowledge that is from the external world (i.e. existence).
Sami Saab argues that the proposition cannot be overcome because we cannot know every aspect of life, and that what distinguishes human beings from other life-forms is self-consciousness (i.e. we know that we know).
In reply to the response to Entry 100, Kevin Ward contends that selflessness is the key to experiencing wholeness.
With reference to Hegel, Chris Krajewski contends that expression in the moment makes the absolute inexpressible in the whole.
With reference to J. Krishnamuti, Kevin Ward contends that "effortlessness" is the sign of a whole experience.
In reply to the response to Entry 106, Kevin Ward contends that it is through experience that we know we are in wholeness.
Marc Reside argues that human strife is from lack of knowledge rather than knowledge itself.
Richard L. Stover contends that it is possible to know who we are by stripping away "indoctrination".
Eric Husher argues that the proposition is refuted on a daily basis, like for instance a shipwright knowing he is a shipwright and being a shipwright by building a ship.
Richard L. Stover argues that practically we cannot know who we are because of the interchange between being and knowing, and that philosophically we can know who we are because the interchange is in milliseconds.
Richard L. Stover lists eleven defensive rationalizations which he contends need to be stripped away in order to know who or what we are.
In reply to the response to Entry 98 and through an example of an ‘unreasonable perspective’, Raoul Starren contends that since the proposition cannot express the inexpressible, the proposition is invalid.
Richard L. Stover presents a list of propositions by Dr. Sheldon Kopp which supposedly allow individuals to cut through the layers of "hypocrisy, deceit, and self-importance" to who they are.
Raoul Starren defends the notion of ‘being’ as the supreme reason and questions whether we can determine more or less reasonableness about something inexpressible.
Richard Stover argues that in order to know who we are, we need both a clean slate of knowledge and an understanding of the causal nature of our existence.
With reference to Godel’s theorem, Raoul Starren argues that the supreme reason of being, containing its own refutation, makes everything we know unreasonable, and therefore this position is more reasonable than the proposition which defies its own refutation.
In reply to the response to Dispute 9 Response 33, Ken Bell examines the relationship between the external world ("matter") and what we know.
Richard Stover argues that being and knowing are the same thing when an individual is consciously aware or "stimulated".
Richard Stover draws on an experience of a snail to distinguish instinctual reactions from conscious reactions, and asserts that our knowledge of who we are from a limited perspective appears to be defined by prejudices.
Daniel Sadlon argues that he can know who he is, because everything he knows about himself is who he is. (i.e. "there is nothing to compare [myself] to.")
Sean Walker argues that we can know who we are because from a foundational and fundamental perspective, our "concrete reality of intuition and our senses" are who we are.
With reference to Aristotle's Ethics and Politics, Nathaniel Hannan argues that the proposition can be overcome by adopting an Aristotelian perspective, whereby the body and mind are one; mind thinks its own ideas; ideas are the form of mind; and functional concepts define who we are.
Richard Stover suggests that animals in their reaction to different situations appear to know themselves.
In reply to the response to Entry 123, Nathaniel Hannan argues that the concept of "knowledge itself as non-existent" is contradictory, without realizing that the concept does not rule out the existence of knowledge as both form and an extension of who we are.
Marc Reside questions how the claim that knowledge is an illusion can be made from knowledge, and why knowing who we are is important when human beings appear "inconsequential".
Duane Salmon argues that from his perspective he knows that he knows who he is, and no one else can refute that he knows who he is.
Marc Reside contends that by necessity human beings must exist through things empty of who they are.
Greg Nyquist argues that the proposition is refuted on grounds of knowing personal attributes about oneself like "taste and interests", and that we cannot know that we cannot know who we are, without knowing something about who we are.
Ian Dengler contends that not knowing who we are or "prosopagnosia" can be overcome when a similar condition after REM sleep occurs.
Travis Hedglin argues that perception is dictated by the individual, and that being and knowing are "inextricably" connected.
Paul Dawkins argues that every individual perception is different and that there is no "true" definition of who we are, and therefore we cannot know who we are.
Jesse Crawford that human beings need to know who they are in order to be who they are.
Bruce Newman argues that the proposition cannot be overcome because it is obscure and fixed in an epistemological corner.
"Who we are": the fundamental level of our being from our limited perspective.
For further explanation see who we are.
"Be": the state of living or existing with who we are as the basis.
"Existence": things and life-forms occupying space.
"Truly know": more reasonably showing how we can know something in entirety.
"We": the individuals who make up humankind.
"Overcome": our ability as individuals to more reasonably refute the proposition, "we cannot truly know who we are and be who we are at the same time", than reasonably supporting it. "More reasonably refute" entails using reason in the most objective manner possible, and includes the arguments stated in the entries and
disputes submitted to the "Challenge the Philosophy" competition, and the arguments stated in the responses to them. Also, one idea is deemed more reasonable than another idea if it is more consistent and sound.
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Summary of Entries (135-245) Summary of Entries (239-358) Summary of Entries (359-366)